Social
Movements in the 1960s
I. Civil
Rights:
A. Enforcing Segregation:
1. Culturally:
2. Legally:
Plessy v Ferguson (1896)
B. Fighting Segregation:
1. NAACP
2. Brown v. Board of
Education (1954)
a. Brown II
b. Resisting
Justice:
Little Rock
Central High School (1957)
Orval
Faubus
3. Rosa Parks and the
Bus Boycott:
4. Emmitt Till
"...get the FBI on the case..."
August
30, 1955
To:
Mr. Gloster B. Current, Director, Branches NAACP, New York, New York
From: Medgar W. Evers, Field Secretary, Mississippi
From: Medgar W. Evers, Field Secretary, Mississippi
On
Sunday, August 28 at 2 A.M., a fourteen year old Negro boy, Emmett Till of
Chicago, was forced from his home at Money, Leflore County, Mississippi, by
three white men and a white woman who alleged that Till had made remarks that
were displeasing to a white grocery owner's wife. One man has been apprehended
by the Sheriff of Leflore County, the other man is being sought. If it is
possible to get the FBI on the case, maybe we can get some results.
"...lynch hysteria..."
Telegram
September
1, 1955
To:
Bert Crownell, Attorney General's Office
From: Bernard Lucas, President, Warehouse Distribution, Union Local 208, Chicago. Illinois
From: Bernard Lucas, President, Warehouse Distribution, Union Local 208, Chicago. Illinois
We
are convinced that the brutal and savage lynching of Emmett Till in Mississippi
is part of the lynch hysteria being whipped up in the South to impede the
desegregation of the public school system as decreed by the Supreme Court.
Therefore we demand that you take the necessary steps to prosecute those
responsible for this lynching and to also prosecute those who are whipping up
the lynch hysteria.
"...kill them rats..."
Postcard
Postmarked
September 25, 1955, Cleveland Ohio
To:
Attorney Gerald Chatham, Criminal Court, Sumner, Mississippi
Kill
them rats or die yourselves. Kill them! Or we are blowing
up your hole Goddam town -- every stinking ass.
--other letter reactions
“Emmett
Till and I were about the same age. A week after he was murdered... I stood on
the corner with a gang of boys, looking at pictures of him in the black
newspapers and magazines. In one, he was laughing and happy. In the other, his
head was swollen and bashed in, his eyes bulging out of their sockets and his
mouth twisted and broken. His mother had done a bold thing. She refused to let
him be buried until hundreds of thousands marched past his open casket in
Chicago and looked down at his mutilated body. [I] felt a deep kinship to him
when I learned he was born the same year and day I was. My father talked about
it at night and dramatized the crime. I couldn't get Emmett out of my mind...”
Muhammed
Ali
“I
was fifteen years old when I began to hate people. I hated the white men who murdered
Emmett Till and I hated all the other whites who were responsible for the
countless murders... But I also hated Negroes. I hated them for not standing up
and doing something about the murders.”
Ann Moody
5. The Sit-Ins:
6. Freedom Rides:
7. JFK:
a. Civil Rights Act of 1964
b. Voting Rights Act of 1965
--Fannie Lou
Hammer
II. OTHER
MOVEMENTS:
A.
UFW
B.
Anti-War
C.
American Indian Movement
D.
Women’s Movement
E.
Environment
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