WORLD WAR TWO

"The war was fun for America. I'm not talking about the poor souls who lost sons and daughters. But for the rest of us, the war was a hell of a good time."

"The war changed our whole idea of how we wanted to live when we got back. We set our sights pretty high. All of us wanted better levels of living."

"Ours was the only country among the combatants in World War Two that was neither invaded not bombed. Ours were the only cities not blasted to rubble."

"This neighbor told me that what we needed was a damn good war, and we'd solve our agricultural problems. And I said, 'Yes, but I'd hate to pay for it with my son. Which we did.' He weeps. 'It's too much of a price to pay.'"

“The military took over the islands completely. If you failed to go to work, the police would be at your door and you were arrested. You had to do something, filling sandbags, anything. If you called in sick, a nurse would come to your house to check on you. If you failed to be there or were goofing off, you went to jail.”

“I personally shot one Japanese woman because she was coming across a field at night. We set up a perimeter. Anything in front, we’d shoot it. This one night I shot and when it came daylight, it was a woman there and a baby tied to her back. The bullet had gone all the way through her and out the baby’s back. That still bothers me, that hounds me. I still feel I committed murder.”

“There were some sailors down at the beach. Apparently, they got into some kind of confrontation with these zoot-suits. A sailor had been stabbed, that was the word. When the word got back to San Diego, where all the servicemen were—well, you know the navy and marines(laughs). This was in June ’43. Thousands of servicemen came up in masse. They started out in East L.A. They started grabbing anybody that had a zoot suit on. Anybody wearing that was fairgame. They just really did a number on ‘em—ripped their clothes up, beat em up. Then it spread downtown, and the police really had a problem.”

ISOLATION AND THE ROAD TO WORLD WAR TWO

I. Intro:

         Abraham Lincoln Brigade

II. PEACE IN THE 1920s

         A. Isolation

         B. Washington Conference

         C. Kellogg-Briand Pact

         D. The Peace Movement

III. ISOLATION TO WAR

         A. Isolationist Tension:

                     1. Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act (1934)

“Foreign markets must be regained if producers are to rebuild a full and enduring domestic prosperity.” (FDR)

                     2. Nye Committee

                     3. Neutrality Acts

FDR: “no state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another.”

                     4. Ludlow Amendment

         B. Non-Belligerence:

                     1. Stockpile Act

                     2. Educational Orders Act

                     3. Civilian War Resources Board

                     4. Lend-Lease

                     5. The Atlantic Charter

         C. War: Attack of Pearl Harbor

IV. War:

                     16 million men and women entered
                     1/8^th in combat

                     33 months=average time of service          

Four Freedoms:

“Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear.”

D-Day

Deception in Modern War

                                 Operation Fortitude

                                 Operation Skye

                                 British Fourth Army

                                 First U.S. Army Group

June 6, 1944 (to June 11, 1944)

--4,100 landing craft

--12,000 landing support aircraft

-- 1,000 air transports (paratroopers)

--10,000 tons of bombs dropped

--14,000 attack sorties flown.

--in all, 47 divisions (140,000 troops)

World War Two was a Total War:

What does that mean?

HOW DOES THE WAR END?

Hiroshima: August 6, 1945 (100,000 dead)

                                             (Little Boy)

Nagasaki: August 8, 1945 (35,000 dead)

                                             (Fat Man)

THE NEW DEAL

Responding to the Great Depression

You must make an ethical decision about how FDR is remembered before we can move on:

Congressional Record dated Thursday, May 1, 1997

                      

Senate Section

I. The Election of 1932:

Herbert Hoover vs. Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Hoover: “General prosperity had been a great ally

in the election of 1928. Great Depression was a major enemy in 1932.”

“Herbert Roosevelt and Franklin Hoover”

   --one columnist’s opinion of the two candidates

Campaign Song for FDR:

At first, “Anchors Aweigh”

   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhCko6qUGuc

“Sounds like a funeral march.” (two campaign workers)

“Happy Days are Here Again.”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqsT4xnKZPg

Bonus Army: “Hoover sent the army. Roosevelt

sent his wife.”

   FDR: “Above all, be sure there is plenty of

good coffee. No questions asked. Just let free coffee flow all the time.”

Electoral Vote: 472 to 59

Inauguration: March 4, 1933

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MX_v0zxM23Q&feature=related

II. THE NEW DEAL

“Brain Trust”

  --FDR’s trusted advisers

--politicians and professors

First Hundred Days:

  March 9 to June 16, 1933

Will Rogers:

“Congress does pass legislation—they just wave at the bills as they go by.”

John Maynard Keynes(1883 to 1946):

  Keynesian Economics

--unemployment leads to money hoarding

       --govt. must expand money supply

--short term but massive government spending

       Nixon: "We are all Keynesians now."

POLICIES OF THE NEW DEAL

--RELIEF, RECOVERY, REFORM--

A. RELIEF:

            1. work relief:

WPA 

--1935--1943, employed 8.5 million americans

--spent $10.5 billion

--constructed 651,087 miles of roads

--125,110 public buildings

--8192 parks

--853 airports

-- built or repaired 124,087 bridges

            2. direct assistance

B. RECOVERY:

1. industry:

NIRA…

TVA…

2. agriculture:

C. REFORM:

1. Social Security Act:

            2. Emergency Banking Act:

Was the New Deal Successful?

III. OTHER RESPONSES TO THE DEPRESSION:

A. Cultural Responses

B. Political Responses from the Left:

            1. Huey Long, "Share Our Wealth"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIMi7fBA6e4   huey on “grub”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8elIlcrNf0  every man a king

2. Dr. Townsend, "Old Age Revolving

Pension"

            3. Father Coughlin, "Social Justice"

C. Political Responses from the Right:

            1. Father Coughlin turns Right   

  

            2. William Dudley Pelly's "Silver Shirts"

IV. SIGNIFICANCE:

   A. desperate times require desperate policy

   B. changing expectation of govt. involvement

GREAT DEPRESSION

I. Intro

A.    Origins:

1. Stock market speculation/The Great Crash

                                    Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929

                                                Stock value: 87 to 55 billion

                        2. Farm Depression

                        3. Worldwide depression

                        4. Bad Policy: Hawley-Smoot Tariff

And then the dispossessed were drawn west — from Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico; from Nevada and Arkansas, families, tribes, dusted out, tractored out. Car-loads, caravans, homeless and hungry; twenty thousand and fifty thousand and a hundred thousand and two hundred thousand. They streamed over the mountains, hungry and restless — restless as ants, scurrying to find work to do — to lift, to push, to pull, to pick, to cut — anything, any burden to bear, for food. The kids are hungry. We got no place to live. Like ants scurrying for work, for food, and most of all for land.

 

B. Impact of the Depression:

            1) Morally

                        2) Economically         

3) Emotionally

 

II. What Did it do to people?

A)   Work:

            B)   Savings:

            C)   Housing:

            D)   Eating:

III. How did people deal with it?

A. BY MAKING FEWER PEOPLE:

B. BY HELPING OUT:

C. BY MOVING:

1. Okies

2. African-American migration

                        3. Mexican-American

D. PSYCHOLOGICALLY:

                        1. Suicide:

                        2. Nervous breakdowns:

                        3. Blaming themselves           

                        4.  Blaming others:

                                    a) Hoover and other politicians:

                                    b) business interests:

                                    c) women:

                                    d) Mexican-Americans:

                                    e) blacks:

HERE’S A DEEP QUESTION TO PONDER:

Does poverty cause discrimination, discrimination cause poverty, or is there no relationship between the two?

IV. No Single Great Depression Experience:

            1. very wealthy

            2. Pre-Depression Poor:        

            3. Middle-class/young middle class:

 

V. Why Important? 

HOW TO READ DOWN AND OUT IN THE GREAT DEPRESSION

Read the entirety of the Introduction.

Read the intro to each chapter.

Read at least three letters from each of the other chapters.

Keep track of which letters you read.

If a word or phrase stands out, circle the number and write a word to remind yourself of it:

                                                                                                                                   

Chapter 1:    

Chapter 2:  

Chapter 3:

Chapter 4:

Chapter 5:

Chapter 6:

Chapter 7:

Chapter 8:

Chapter 9:

Chapter 10:

Chapter 11:

Chapter 12:

Chapter 13: