PROHIBITION

I. Prohibition Law:

                        A. 18^th Amendment

(prohibiting manufacture, sale, transport)

                        B. Volstead Act

(making the 18^th a “bone dry” amendment)

                        C. "Five and Ten Law"

(1929, 5 year, $10,000 penalty)

III. Prohibition Failure:

Why Not More of a Success?

A. Minimal Enforcement:

B. Unrealistic Expectations:

C. Corruption:

D. Policy without Authority:

III. Repeal:

A.            21^st Amendment (Dec. 5, 1933)

            B. The Constitution and Federal Intervention

Progress and Decline in the 1920s:

20s as Decade of Cultural/Economic Flowering:

I. PROGRESS

A. Consumerism:

                  Edward Bernays=father of modern pr

 Movies:

Warner Bros. Pictures inc. in 1923

MGM formed in 1924

Fox Film Corporation founded in 1912

         (became 20^th Century Fox in 1935)

United Artists, formed in 1919

(by stars Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, Sr., Charlie Chaplin, and director D.W. Griffith)

Rudolph Valentino and Agnes Ayres

The Sheik, 1921

B. Literature:  Harlem Renaissance

Based on the following two poems, what are some key themes of the Harlem Renaissance?

If We Must Die, Claude McKay

If we must die, let it not be like hogs
Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot,
While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs,
Making their mock at our accursèd lot.
If we must die, O let us nobly die,
So that our precious blood may not be shed
In vain; then even the monsters we defy
Shall be constrained to honor us though dead!
O kinsmen! we must meet the common foe!
Though far outnumbered let us show us brave,
And for their thousand blows deal one death-blow!
What though before us lies the open grave?
Like men we'll face the murderous, cowardly pack,
Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!

I, Too, Sing America, Langston Hughes

I, too, sing America.

I am the darker brother.

They send me to eat in the kitchen

When company comes,

But I laugh,

And eat well,

And grow strong.

Tomorrow,

I'll be at the table

When company comes.

Nobody'll dare

Say to me,

"Eat in the kitchen,"

Then.

Besides,

They'll see how beautiful I am

And be ashamed—

I, too, am America.

“Lost Generation”

The “New Woman”

II. DECAY  1920s as a Decade of Ignorance andCultural Decay

A. Influenza

--killed 25 million worldwide

(700,000 in U.S.)

Historian Alfred Crosby:

The virus “killed more humans than any other disease in a period of similar duration in the history of the world.”

“I  had  a  little  bird, I  had  a  little  bird,

Its  name  was  Enza.   Its  name  was  Enza.

I  opened  up  the  window, I  opened  up  the  window, And  in flu enza, In flu enza.” 

Children’s jump rope rhyme

B. World Economic Chaos:

England=industrial problems: General Strike of 1926

         --2 million unemployed by 1930

         --3 million unemp. in 1933

Depression

         One billion per year in reparations

Hyperinflation in Germany:

                 

1 dollar=9000 marks (Jan. of 1923)

1 dollar=4.2 trillion marks

(Nov. of 1923)

                 

--one loaf of bread=580 billion marks

C. Urban Racial Unrest: Chicago, 1919

…48 recorded lynchings in 1917

…78 recorded lynchings in 1919

D. Nativism:

National Origins Act of 1924

Sacco and Vanzetti

The KKK

E. Clash in values: Scopes Monkey Trial

VII. Significance:

MIDTERM EXAMINATION INFORMATION

The midterm exam will occur on Tuesday, April 29th.

The exam format is quite simple.
There will be 52 multiple choice questions based entirely on the readings and lectures thus far.
You will answer 50 of these questions.
That includes information from the era of Reconstruction through the 1920s, which we will cover on Wednesday.
To give you an example of the level of detail required, here is an actual question from a previous exam:

The 19th Amendment added suffrage to the Constitution. What year was that amendment passed?

           A.    1900

           B.    1919

           C.   1940

           D.   2010

THE GREAT WAR (WW I)

--The Great War--

 I. Introduction: Wm Jennings Bryan and War:

II. Origins of War:

--The Presidents--

1. T.R.

                  2. Taft and Dollar Diplomacy

                  3. Wilson

         --Bloody Alliances—

                  Triple Alliance(France, GB, Russia)

                  Triple Entente (GR, Austro-Hungary, Italy)           

III. The Great War:

         A. The Trenches

         B. Trenches in the Sea

                           --Lusitania

C. Peace and Preparedness

         1. armistice

         2. Zimmerman Telegram

D. WAR

IV. The End of War:

         A. Wilson's 14 Points:

         B. Versailles:

PROHIBITION

WHAT WERE SOME ALTERNATIVES TO A CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT?

I. Prohibition Law:

                        A. 18^th Amendment

                        B. Volstead Act

                        C. "Five and Ten Law"

III. Prohibition Failure:

Why Not More of a Success?

A. Minimal Enforcement:

B. Unrealistic Expectations:

C. Corruption:

D. Policy without Authority:

III. Repeal:

A.            21^st Amendment (Dec. 5, 1933)

            B. The Constitution and Federal Intervention

INTERVIEW GUIDELINES

INTERVIEW GUIDELINES/               Due:  TUESDAY

Find someone who is at least 50 years old and an immigrant to this country. The older, the better. Do not interview a spouse or yourself. You may interview a parent or grandparent.

Gather the information with as little of your own input as possible. What you should include is not your interpretation of what is said. Instead, copy direct quotes of what is said:           

BAD:    “Subject said she was unhappy at first.”    

GOOD: “I was so unhappy at first.”

If the respondent agrees, you may record the interview; you must bring the transcript on paper.

This may be handwritten. You may bring the interview in another language.

Be prepared for your interview to stray away from the questions below. This is the nature of oral history. Embrace it. Some of the best stories are answers to questions unasked.

Name of Interview Subject: (optional)

1. Where were you born? What was it like in your country of origin? Have you been back?

2. At approximately what age did you move to the United States?

3. Do you remember, or have you been told, why you left your country of origin?(push factors)

4. Was the decision to leave your own or were you pressured to leave by someone else? Explain.

5. What made you come to the United States instead of somewhere else? (pull factors)

6. Did you deal with immigration officials or anyone else in government as part of your journey or at some point after your arrival? How was that experience?

7. What difficulties did you face during the journey?

8. What difficulties did you face in the first years after arriving?

9. Did you find a community of other immigrants when you arrived? What was that like?

10. What do you think are the biggest problems facing immigrants today?

PROGRESSIVISM OUTLINE

ARE THESE 2 QUOTES CONTRADICTORY?

Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore, Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed, to me: I lift my lamp beside the golden door.

Emma Lazarus, "The New Colossus"

There is no room in this country for hyphenated Americanism...The one absolutely certain way of bringing the nation to ruin, of preventing all possibility of its continuing to be a nation at all, would be to permit it to become a tangle of squabbling nationalities.          

Theodore Roosevelt, 1915

The Progressive Era:

I.               Origins

A. Populism:

Farmers' Alliance

Omaha Platform:

--inflationary currency policy

--graduated income tax

--direct government ownership of railroad and telegraph industries

--redistribution of railroad owned lands

B. Hull House—1889

      Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr

II.             A New Mindset:

Progressivism Defined:

Progressivism was a series of movements designed to combat the ills of industrialism. Some progressives also wanted to control the behavior of the working classes.

Stanley Schultz, Univ. of Wisconsin:

·       Government should be more active

·       Social problems are susceptible to government legislation and action

·       Throw money at the problem

·       The world is “perfectible”

III.           Progressive Movements:

A.    Anti-Trust

Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890

“Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is declared to be illegal.”

B.    Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives

To help prepare you to deal effectively with this book for the midterm, find as many specific examples (page numbers) as you can.

Let’s start with the pictures. Which photograph was most compelling?

According to Riis, what is the cause of crime?

How does Riis deal with race? What impact does race have on poverty in this book?

Based on your reading, define poverty.

What is the role of government in the slums?

According to Riis, what should be the role of government in the slums?

C.     Anti-Lynching (Ida B. Wells-Barnett)

D.    Good Government Movement

--17^th Amendment=direct election of senators

--referendums and recalls

E.     Consumer Protection: The Jungle

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

IV.           Progressivism in Practice:

Immigration:

Newspaper in 1900: "It is well known that nearly every foreigner…goes armed. Some carry revolvers, while many others hide huge ugly knives upon their person."

Senator William Bruce (Maryland):

Immigrants are “indigestible lumps in

the national stomach.”

      1890-1900: 3.5 million

      1900-1910: 7 million

                  Ellis Island:

“Such an impulse toward better things there certainly is. The German rag-picker of thirty years ago, quite as low in the scale as his Italian successor, is the thrifty tradesman or prosperous farmer of to-day. The Italian scavenger of our time is fast graduating into exclusive control of the corner fruit-stands, while his black-eyed boy monopolizes the boot-blacking industry in which a few years ago he was an intruder.” 

Jacob Riis on social fluidity

TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE OF 1911

A. The ILGWU Strike:

                  B. Fire on the Factory Floor

                  C. Reporters and the Visibility of Triangle

                              1. "Love Affair in Mid-Air"

                              2. Mortillalo and Zito

D. The Public Response

V.             Progressivism Abroad:

A. Foreign Policy Community

                  --T.R., Henry Cabot Lodge

                  --“large policy”

      B. Capitalism

      C. "Yellow" Journalism

                  Pulitzer: New York World

Hearst: New York Journal

Rudyard Kipling, “White Man’s Burden” (1899)

     

Take up the White Man's burden--
Send forth the best ye breed--
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild--
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.

Take up the White Man's burden--
In patience to abide,
To veil the threat of terror
And check the show of pride;
By open speech and simple,
An hundred times made plain
To seek another's profit,
And work another's gain.

Take up the White Man's burden--
The savage wars of peace--
Fill full the mouth of Famine
And bid the sickness cease;
And when your goal is nearest
The end for others sought,
Watch sloth and heathen Folly
Bring all your hopes to nought.

Take up the White Man's burden--
Ye dare not stoop to less--
Nor call too loud on Freedom
To cloke your weariness;
By all ye cry or whisper,
By all ye leave or do,
The silent, sullen peoples
Shall weigh your gods and you.

Take up the White Man's burden--
Have done with childish days--
The lightly proffered laurel,
The easy, ungrudged praise.
Comes now, to search your manhood
Through all the thankless years
Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom,
The judgment of your peers!

VI.           More Progressivism in Practice: